BOER GOAT CLASSIFICATION

Full blood Boer Goats

The Full Blood Boer Goat is such that all its ancestors trace back to South African Stud Books. There has been a practice in Australia to “grade up” animals to “Pure Bred” status. The term “Pure Bred” is confusing and should be considered carefully, as it is not a good practice to import / export such animals for breeding purposes. This grading up process entails the use of a Full Blood buck over a “base” doe and the resulting females are then classed as 1st cross. Then a Full Blood buck used over these does to produce 2nd cross does, which in turn are put to a Full Blood buck. This process is continued until the 4th cross is reached. Resultant does are then classed as “Pure Bred”. Another cross is required to produce a “Pure Bred” buck. These animals can NEVER become FULL BLOOD at any time, and CANNOT be used to produce FULL BLOOD animals. This breeding system is to be discontinued in the year 2006, and no further Pure Bred animals will be registered.

Stud and commercial classes
Stud animals are those, which are of a quality considered to be best capable of producing the type of animal needed to continue a successful breeding operation and should be the only animals considered where it is desired to produce further stud stock. It should be noted here that the Boer Goat is not yet a completely stable breed and therefore does not guarantee a fully “fixed” type. This applies to all Boer Goats worldwide and is not peculiar to Australian animals!
Commercial animals are Full Bloods, which are not considered “stud quality”.
Crossbred bucks should NEVER be considered for breeding in any circumstance, as they do not carry the required genetic material needed to improve “local” animals to ensure a gain in carcass quality.
The long-term benefit must be the consideration, not short-term price, as this will ultimately fail in the objective of providing improved meat production.

REGISTRATION

Registers

Standard and Red Stud Registers
The Boer Goat register in Australia contains all the registered animals in the Australian herd. Within the registration system there is a separate register for “Standard” coloured animals and for “Red” animals. The Red register contains both red and part red animals for breeders who desire to pursue this option. These registers are the animals contained in the herd book and have been separated to facilitate the divergence of the two sections of the breed. The “Red” Boer Goat is a Full Blood Boer Goat which has been bred from “standard coloured” Boer Goats. This variation has all the same qualities (see breed standard) except that it is “part” red to “full” red in colour. It must be remembered that at this point in the evolution of the Boer Goat the breed is not yet completely stabilized, as are say Angus cattle for example. Therefore, there is the possibility that animals from the “Standard” register will at times produce red or part red offspring from standard coloured Boer Goat matings. This in no way indicates that the sire and dam are not in fact full blood animals. This possibility must be considered when selecting breeding stock, as not all coloured animals are registered or shown in the pedigrees of all standard Boer Goats. Similarly the offspring from a “Red” mating may result in standard coloured kids.
Note. The registration system is being developed for the inclusion of Reds in the overall register showing the colour type of each animal

General Care

It is considered good practise to use scales in a breeding operation to obtain the necessary information required for efficient management. This is especially important when dealing with drenches and especially drugs. Over dosing is obviously wasteful and under dosing will not achieve the desired results. When considering anti-biotics the risk of developing resistance is of major concern throughout the world. Drenches have a similar problem with resistance; but there are other practices that can at least help in controlling these parasites.

Shelter is vitally important in cold wet weather, shade must be provided in summer.
Goats do not like to be wet and must be protected from the wind!
Shelter needs to be in an area that provides dry ground for the goats.

Mating

Mating can be at any time that suits individual breeders. In some climates breeding tends to be seasonal. Preferably, does should be mated at an age to kid at about 2 years of age. Kidding at this age allows the doe to mature before being expected to sustain kids to weaning age. One buck to forty does is about the normal maximum ratio.

Kidding

Problems are not usually encountered during kidding, but does should be observed whenever possible to assist should there be mal-presentation of kids etc. On most occasions twins will be produced, but at times triplets or quads will occur. Unfortunately this is not the benefit that one may be hoping for. With triplets there is generally one that will be pushed aside by bigger and more determined siblings, at the same time the others will not perform as well as if there was only two.

Kids will require protection from predators while young and this must be carried out to suit local situations, as the predators themselves will vary greatly from area to area and therefore the method of control.

Where a breeding operation is on a small scale with expensive stud animals, the kidding does should be brought in close to human activity wherever possible. It has been found on some smaller Australian properties where the predators are nocturnal (generally foxes) it has been beneficial to operate lighting near the kidding paddock on a time switch to turn on and off at varying times during the night. It is essential that the time varies and is not a regular “on / off” period. A broadcast radio playing on an all night station gives the impression that humans are in close proximity. This may not be applicable in all countries or situations. Trapping, shooting and baiting are effective where local laws permit. Vermin proof fencing with strategically placed electric wires is of benefit where only small areas need protecting. The use of dogs or alpacas has also been successful in some areas. Predatory birds such as eagles are a potential problem and can only be dealt with according to local laws.

Weaning

Weaning of bucks should be carried out at 3 months to prevent them mating with any does, as they can become active at about 4 months. Weaning will cause a temporary setback in growth due to stress, consideration should be given to ensuring that plenty of top quality feed is available at all times and attention to worms is required.

Diseases of goats

Goats are susceptible to a number of diseases common to sheep and goats. With good husbandry practice these should not be of great concern. Should a problem occur, consultation with your local Vet. should be the first contact. With experience, the breeder can handle most occurrences.

Fiction
“Rumours” abound, for example, “goats are hardy”. In general goats can survive in most situations but do need to have time to adjust to new conditions when moved to a totally new environment.
In cold and or wet conditions goats need shelter and should not be subjected to bare unprotected paddocks. Goats like any other animal require normal animal husbandry to produce to their full potential.

“Goats eat anything”, another fallacy, while goats do eat a wide variety of plants, often including those unpalatable to other livestock, they are selective and must have access to adequate clean and fresh feed at all times suitable to their requirements.

“Goats are impossible to keep in”, goats do have a habit of finding a weakness in fencing, but in general are no harder to contain than most other types of livestock.

While not completely false, the claim that “goats may be added to an existing grazing operation without reducing the stock numbers”, is not necessarily correct. This can occur in exceptional situations but is not normally the case. Where animals are supported entirely on pasture this cannot occur as all the stock is dependant on that same food supply. Care must be exercised when considering this claim.

“Stud goats all look like those that appear in show magazines”. This is rarely the case, as those prepared for shows are generally “over conditioned” and “groomed to excess”. This situation would not occur in normal husbandry. Buyers should not look for this degree of preparation.

“Boer Goats grow at exceptional rates”. This is indeed a fact, but purchasers need to be aware that many producers tend to promote the weight gains for selected animals with a feeding regime that is not viable in a “commercial” operation. This gives an unreasonable expectation for most situations. Bucks may attain weights around 30KG at weaning by 3 months. Does are generally a little lighter. These kids are supplementary fed. By 12 months selected bucks may weigh as much as 95 KG. Again these animals are grain fed and these figures are rarely achievable under normal “commercial” conditions.

Definasi Full-blood Boer

Full-blood boers adalah boer yang keturunan berasal dari Afrika dan boer tersebut didaftarkan serta tiada campuran dengan jenis kambing lain (no outside bloodlines).Pure-bred boers adalalah hasil peningkatan dari kacukan kambing boer tersebut. Kambing betina (doe) akan menjadi ‘pure-bred boer’ setelah peningktan kacukan tersebut mencapai tahap ke 4 (F4) kacukan di mana ‘boer blood’ sebanyak 93.75 %. Manakala bagi kambing jantan (buck) mestilah dari keturunan atau anak cucu dari kacukan tahap ke 5 (F5) atau lebih di mana jumlah ‘boer blood’ sebanyak 96.9 % . ‘Pure-bred boers’ tidak akan mencapai tahap ‘full-blood boers’ walaupun telah melakukan tahap kacukan yang lebih tinggi. Dari perkataan yang lebih mudah ‘pure-bred boers’ tidak akan menjadi ‘full-blood boers’.

SEJARAH KAMBING BOER

Boer dari perkataan Dutch bermakna ‘farmer’. Kedatangan Boer ke Afrika Selatan yang pernah direkodkan adalah ke Barat Uganda pada awal tahun A.D 1200. Dari mana asalnya keturunan Boer ini? Pembiakan awal adalah adalah dari golongan kaum Bantu Selatan (Southern Bantu), Namaqua Hottentots, India dan Eropah.Generasi Boer moden ini telah bermula pada abad 20. Di Wilayah Timur Afrika, penternakan Boer untuk dagingnya telah diterajui oleh Encik W.G Jordaan di mana anaknya T.B Jordaan dari Buffelsfontein. Pada awal pembiakan kambing boer ini, W.G Jordaan telah membeli kambing yang mempunyai bulu yang pendek dan warna merah muda pada kepala kambing dari Puan Van de Venter dari Somerset East. Di samping itu dia membeli seekor kambing jantan yang amat besar dari I.B van Heerden dari Kaalplas Cradock. Dari jenis kambing inilah bermulanya pembiakan kambing boer tersebut. Itu sebab jenama Jordaan ini terpahat dalam industri pembiakan boer di Afrika Selatan.Pada tahun 1959 pembiakan dan pemilihan kambing boer ini dikawalselia oleh sebuah pertubuhan yang dipanggil Boer Goat Breeder’s Association (Afrika Selatan). Pada tahun 1970, kambing boer telah diuji oleh National Mutton Sheep and Goat Performance Testing Scheme bagi mengesahkan boer sebagai kambing pedaging ketika itu.Pada tahun 1977, boer telah diimport oleh Jerman. New Zealand dan Australia telah mengimport boer pada tahun 1987 dan 1988. Di Amerika dan Kanada pula pada tahun 1993 selepas kedatangan embrio boer di Olds College, Kanada.

BOER GOAT FOR SALE/KAMBING BOER UNTUK DI JUAL

BOER GOAT FOR SALE/KAMBING BOER UNTUK DI JUAL

HARGA EX KLIA

Reg. FullBlood Buck	9-12 mths, 60-70KG	RM 2600 - RM 2,800
Reg Fullblood Buck	6- 9 mths, 45-50KG	RM 2400 - RM 2,500
Unreg. Fullblood Buck	6- 9 mths, 45-50KG	RM 1400 – RM 1,500
Reg Fullblood Doe	4- 6 mths, 25-30KG	RM 2,200
F4-F6 Doe (Brown)	Brown 25 - 30KG	RM 1,1300 - RM1,400
F2-F3 Doe	Brown 2 5 – 30KG	R RM 980-RM1,080
F1-F2 Doe	White 25 - 30KG	R RM 780 - RM 880

The History of Boer Goats

Boer goats come to us from South Africa. The earliest recorded goats in Africa were brought to western Uganda by the Black Nations as early as AD 1200. Boer goats were developed in Southern Africa by breeding these ‘indigenous’ stock to European imports. The point, of course, was to have a hardy, very adaptable, meat animal that could survive the varied conditions of the African landscape while still maintaining a high birth rate, high survival rate, and a marketable meat carcass.
Researchers have had little luck pinning down an exact line of decent for the modern Boer goat. Early breeders include such varied and inexact groups as the "Southern Bantu" people, the Namaqua Hottentots, the Indians (from India) and Europeans. "Boer" means "farm" in Dutch.i
By the beginning of the 20th century, however, the breed was becoming much more distinct as the ranchers in the Eastern Cape Province of Africa started breeding for a definite meat type goat with many of the Boer characteristics that we recognize today. The late Mr T. B. Jordaan of Buffelsfontein, Somerset East, stated in the first journal of the South African Boer Goat Breeders’ Association published in 1959, that his father, Mr. W. G. Jordaan, bought some goats from Mrs. Van de Venter of Somerset East. These goats were short haired and had light red heads. At the same time he bought a very large dapple-colored male goat from Mr. I. B. van Heerden of Kaalplass, Cradock. From these goats, some of the earliest breeding stock was developed.ii
On July 4th, 1959, breeding and selection became regulated by the foundation of the Boer Goat Breeder's Association (of South Africa). In the past forty years, the breed standards of this association have helped to guide and mold the Boer goat into an "improved" breed emphasizing good overall conformation, a compact and well muscled body structure, high growth and fertility rates, short white hair, darkly pigmented skin, and red markings on the head and shoulders. In 1970 the Boer goat was incorporated into the National Mutton Sheep and Goat Performance Testing Scheme, which makes the Boer goat the only known goat breed involved in a performance test for meat production.iii

In 1977, the Boer goat was imported into Germany. In 1987 Lancorp Corporation Ltd. imported Boers into New Zealand, and in 1988 they were imported into Australia. The first Boer embryos to reach the North American Continent were implanted into recipient does at Olds College in Canada. These goats stayed in quarantine until April 1993, when Boers were released into the United States and Canada. In New Zealand, three main parties were involved in the importation of South African Boer Goats: Lancorp Corporation Ltd., Embryotech Corporation, and African Goat Flock Co. In Australia the major importer was Australian Breeding Management Pty Ltd. 2
Since 1987 the Boer goat has been imported by New Zealand, Canada, Germany, Mexico, Australia, Indonesia, England, India, France, Malaysia, Denmark, British West Indies, Netherland Antilles, and virtually every state in the United States.

About Goat

The goat is one of the smallest domesticated ruminants which has served mankind earlier and longer than cattle and sheep. It is managed for the production of milk, meat and wool, particularly in arid, semitropical or mountainous countries. In temperate zones, goats are kept often rather as supplementary animals by small holders, while commercially cows or buffaloes are kept for milk, cheese and meat, and sheep for wool and meat production. Nonetheless, there are more than 460 million goats worldwide presently producing more than 4.5 million tons of milk and 1.2 million tons of meat besides mohair, cashmere, leather and dung; and more people consume milk and milk products from goats worldwide than from any other animal. Cheese production from goat milk, even in France, Greece, Norway and Italy, is of economic importance. Goat herds, on the other hand low producing though, are an expression of capital assets and wealth in Africa and Asia where they are found in large numbers. In the United States, there are between 2 and 4 million head; with Texas leading in Angora, meat and bush goats; and California leading in dairy goats.
Goats can survive on bushes, trees, desert scrub and aromatic herbs when sheep and cattle would starve to death. Goat herders often have neglected a rational numerical balance between goat numbers and sparse vegetation. Over-grazing has destroyed many tree and woodland areas which was blamed then on goats rather than man, and this has caused widespread ecological and political concerns, erosion, desertification and even ban on freely grazing goats in some areas. On the other hand, goats are valued by cattle and sheepmen in the fight against brush encroachment on millions of acres of open rangeland.
Swiss goat breeds are the world's leaders in milk production. Indian and Nubian derived goat breeds are dual-purpose meat and milk producers. Spanish and South African goats are best known for meat producing ability. The Turkish Angora, Asian Cashmere and the Russian Don goats are kept for mohair and cashmere wool production. In addition, there are Pygmy goats from Western Africa of increasing interest as laboratory and pet animals.
Goat milk casein and goat milk fat are more easily digested than from cow milk. Goat milk is valued for the elderly, sick, babies, children with cow milk allergies, patients with ulcers, and even preferred for raising orphan foals or puppies. Fat globules in goat milk are smaller than in cow milk and remain dispersed longer. Goat milk is higher in vitamin A, niacin, choline and inositol than cow milk, but it is lower in vitamin B6, B12, C and carotenoids. The shorter chain fatty acids (C6, C8, C10, C12) are characteristically higher in goat milk than in cow milk. Otherwise milk gross composition from goats or cows is similar except for differences due to breeds, climate, stage of lactation and feeds.
Breeds of goats vary from as little as 20 lb mature female bodyweight and 18 inches female withers for dwarf goats for meat production up to 250 lb and 42 inches withers height for Indian Jamnapari, Swiss Saanen, Alpine and AngloNubian for milk production. Some Jamnapari males may be as tall as 50 inches at withers. Angora goats weigh between 70 to 110 lb for mature females and are approximately 25 inches tall. Birthweights of female singles are between 3 and 9 lb; twins being often a pound lighter and males 1/2 lb heavier. Twinning is normal in goats with a high percentage of triplets thus giving several breeds an average annual litter size above 2 per doe and more than 200 reproduction rate. Females are called doe, young are kids, males are bucks; one speaks of buck and doe kids, and doelings, and of wethers or castrates.
Differentiation Morphologically, goats may have horns of the scimitar or corkscrew types, but many are dehorned in early age with a heated iron, caustic or later on with a rubber band or surgical saw. Goats may also be hornless genetically. They can be short haired, long haired, have curled hair, are silky or coarse wooled. They may have wattles on the neck and beards. Some breeds, particularly the European, have straight noses, others have convex noses, e.g., the Jamnapari and Nubian breeds or slightly dished noses (Swiss). Swiss and other European breeds have erect ears, while pendulous, drooping, large ears characterize Indian and Nubian goats. The American LaMancha breed has no external ear. A ''gopher'' ear rudiment in LaMancha is less than 1 inch long with little or no cartilage; an ''elf'' ear is less than 2 inches long, but bucks can be registered only with gopher ears. The responsible gene for rudimentary ears is dominant, thus sires with gopher ears will always have gopher or elf-eared offspring, no matter what the genotype of the dam is to which he was mated.
Goats come in almost any color, solid black, white, red, brown, spotted, two and three colored, blended shades, distinct facial stripes, black and white saddles, depending on breeds.
Teeth in goats are a good guide to age. Six lower incisors are found at birth and a set of 20 ''milk teeth'' are complete at 4 weeks of age consisting of the eight incisors in the front of the lower jaw, and 12 molars, three on each side in each jaw. Instead of incisors in the upper jaw there is a hard dental pad against which the lower incisors bite and cut. Some goats have an undesirable inherited recessive condition of ''parrot'' (overshot upper jaw) or ''carp'' mouth (undershot upper jaw) which does not interfere with barn feeding conditions but handicaps the goat severely in pasturing and browsing, because the lower incisor teeth cannot cut correctly against the upper dental pad. With progressing age, the permanent teeth wear down from the rectangular crossectional shape and cores to the round stem which is a further distinguishing mark of age. Furthermore, there are pregnancy rings marking horns and telling age.
The digestive tract of the goat after nursing has the typical four stomach compartments of ruminants consisting of the rumen (paunch) (4-6 gallon), the reticulum (honeycomb) (1-2 liters), the omasum (maniply) (1 liter), and the abomasum (true stomach) (3.5 liters). The intestinal canal is about 100 feet long (11 liters), or 25 times the length of a goat. The total blood volume of the goat approximates 1/12-1/13 of bodyweight; it takes about 14 seconds for goat blood to complete one circulation.
Among diseases, goats are not too different from cattle and sheep in the same regions. Goats tend to have more internal parasites than dairy cows, especially in confined management. They tend to have less tuberculosis, milk fever, post partum ketosis and brucellosis than dairy cows and their milk tends to be of lower bacteria counts than cow milk. They have more prepartum pregnancy toxemia than dairy cows, and are known to have laminitis, infectious arthritis, Johne's disease, listeriosis, pneumonia, coccidiosis, scours, scabies, pediculosis, liver fluke disease and mastitis.